Computer Awareness & Fundamentals — Set 04

1. Who developed the High-Level programming language 'C' at Bell Laboratories in 1972?

• A) Dennis Ritchie
• B) Ken Thompson
• C) Bjarne Stroustrup
• D) James Gosling

2. What was the world's first single-chip commercial microprocessor, released by Intel in 1971?

• A) Intel 8080
• B) Intel 4004
• C) Intel 8086
• D) Intel Pentium

3. Which company designed and manufactured the first widely adopted commercial Graphical User Interface (GUI) computer mouse in 1984?

• A) IBM
• B) Apple (Macintosh)
• C) Microsoft
• D) Commodore

4. What is the smallest physical unit of color on a display screen that can be individually addressed and controlled?

• A) Dot pitch
• B) Pixel
• C) Bit
• D) Lumens

5. Keys on a keyboard such as Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock that alternate between two active states when pressed are called:

• A) Modifier Keys
• B) Toggle Keys
• C) Function Keys
• D) Navigation Keys

6. Which keys on a standard keyboard are combined with other keys to perform shortcuts or modify regular keystroke actions (e.g., Ctrl, Alt, Shift)?

• A) Numeric Keys
• B) Modifier Keys
• C) Punctuation Keys
• D) Alphanumeric Keys

7. How many functional 'F' keys are present in the top row of a standard full-sized computer keyboard?

• A) 10
• B) 12
• C) 14
• D) 16

8. What is the storage capacity of a standard 3.5-inch High-Density (HD) Floppy Diskette?

• A) 1.2 MB
• B) 1.44 MB
• C) 2.88 MB
• D) 720 KB

9. What optical storage technology uses a violet-blue laser to achieve massive data density of 25 GB to 50 GB per disc?

• A) Compact Disc (CD)
• B) Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
• C) Blu-ray Disc (BD)
• D) LaserDisc

10. In the magnetic disk architecture of a hard drive, a set of corresponding aligned tracks across all stacked physical platters is known as a:

• A) Sector
• B) Cluster
• C) Cylinder
• D) Block

11. What is the smallest logical allocation unit of disk space that a file system (such as NTFS or FAT32) can assign to hold a file?

• A) Track
• B) Sector
• C) Cluster (Allocation Unit)
• D) Cylinder

12. What is the time taken by a hard disk drive's mechanical read/write head to move to the specified track containing desired data called?

• A) Rotational Latency
• B) Seek Time
• C) Transfer Rate
• D) Cycle Time

13. Which interface bus allows peripheral devices (like sound cards or network adapters) to transfer data directly to system RAM without burdening the CPU?

• A) Direct Memory Access (DMA)
• B) Programmed I/O (PIO)
• C) Polling
• D) Interrupt Register

14. What is the primary legacy expansion slot standard on older motherboards used to attach expansion cards before PCI Express (PCIe) took over?

• A) PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
• B) AGP only
• C) SCSI
• D) SATA

15. What internal computer expansion bus connects modern storage drives (HDDs, SSDs, optical drives) directly to the motherboard via narrow, high-speed serial cables?

• A) PATA (IDE)
• B) SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)
• C) RS-232
• D) IEEE 1284

16. What physical port on older computers was known as the 'Centronics' or LPT port, commonly used to connect legacy dot-matrix and laser printers?

• A) Serial Port (COM)
• B) Parallel Port (DB-25)
• C) PS/2 Port
• D) VGA Port

17. A hardware signal sent by an external input/output device to the CPU requesting immediate processor attention and interrupting ongoing execution is a:

• A) System Trap
• B) Hardware Interrupt (IRQ)
• C) Thread Context
• D) Deadlock signal

18. What is the term for a software program that automatically executes upon receiving an unexpected error, exception, or hardware interrupt signal?

• A) Bootloader
• B) Interrupt Handler (ISR)
• C) Assembler
• D) Disk Defragmenter

19. The process of dividing physical computer memory into fixed-size continuous blocks of memory during virtual memory allocation is known as:

• A) Segmentation
• B) Paging
• C) Clustering
• D) Partitioning

20. What occurs in virtual memory management when a running application tries to access an address in a page not currently resident in physical RAM?

• A) Cache Hit
• B) Page Fault
• C) Buffer Overflow
• D) Memory Leak

21. In Microsoft Windows, what is the default Command-Line tool used to scan, verify, and repair file system errors and bad disk sectors on a hard drive?

• A) format
• B) chkdsk
• C) sfc /scannow
• D) diskpart

22. What Windows utility command is run from the Run dialog box (Win + R) to open the Microsoft System Configuration manager for managing startup apps and boot options?

• A) regedit
• B) msconfig
• C) dxdiag
• D) cmd

23. What is the hierarchical central configuration database in Microsoft Windows that stores low-level settings for the OS, hardware drivers, and installed software?

• A) Windows Kernel
• B) Windows Registry
• C) BIOS Cache
• D) Control Panel

24. In Microsoft Windows, which keyboard shortcut combination minimizes all open application windows and displays the Desktop immediately?

• A) Windows Key + E
• B) Windows Key + D
• C) Windows Key + R
• D) Windows Key + Tab

25. Which shortcut key combination captures a screenshot of only the currently active window and copies it to the clipboard in Microsoft Windows?

• A) Print Screen (PrtScn)
• B) Alt + Print Screen
• C) Ctrl + Print Screen
• D) Shift + Print Screen

26. In Microsoft Word, what formatting mark is inserted to start typing on a fresh page without filling the current page with blank enter lines?

• A) Line Break (Shift + Enter)
• B) Page Break (Ctrl + Enter)
• C) Section Break
• D) Column Break

27. What is the extra margin space added to the binding side of a document page in Microsoft Word to prevent text from being hidden during binding called?

• A) Header Margin
• B) Gutter Margin
• C) Footnote Margin
• D) Indentation Margin

28. Which typographical feature in Microsoft Word enlarges the first letter of a paragraph to span across several lines of text below it?

• A) WordArt
• B) Drop Cap
• C) Subscript
• D) Superscript

29. What character format reduces font size and positions text slightly below the standard baseline?

• A) Superscript
• B) Subscript
• C) Strikethrough
• D) Small Caps

30. In Microsoft Excel, what is the default text alignment and default numeric alignment inside a worksheet cell?

• A) Text is Left-aligned; Numbers are Right-aligned
• B) Text is Right-aligned; Numbers are Left-aligned
• C) Both Text and Numbers are Centered
• D) Both Text and Numbers are Left-aligned

31. What formula error code appears in an Excel cell when a formula attempts to divide a numeric value by zero or by an empty cell?

• A) #NULL!
• B) #DIV/0!
• C) #N/A
• D) #NUM!

32. In Microsoft Excel, which lookup function searches vertically down the first column of a table array and retrieves data from a specified column in that row?

• A) HLOOKUP
• B) VLOOKUP
• C) MATCH
• D) INDEX

33. What is the default file format for saving an automated, macro-enabled workbook in Microsoft Excel?

• A) .xlsx
• B) .xlsm
• C) .xlsb
• D) .xltx

34. In Microsoft PowerPoint, which view displays miniaturized tile versions of all presentation slides on a single screen to easily rearrange slide order?

• A) Slide Show View
• B) Slide Sorter View
• C) Reading View
• D) Outline View

35. Which physical transmission medium consists of a central copper core conductor surrounded by an insulating layer, braided metal shielding, and an outer protective jacket?

• A) Twisted Pair Cable
• B) Coaxial Cable
• C) Fiber-Optic Cable
• D) Ribbon Cable

36. What physical transmission medium carries data as pulses of light through thin strands of ultra-pure silica glass or plastic using total internal reflection?

• A) Coaxial Cable
• B) Fiber-Optic Cable
• C) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
• D) Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

37. What is the standard modular plastic connector clip attached to the ends of 8-conductor Category 5/6 (Cat5e/Cat6) Ethernet networking cables called?

• A) RJ-11
• B) RJ-45
• C) BNC
• D) USB-C

38. In computer networks, what device operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) to connect devices within a LAN and selectively forward frames based on hardware MAC addresses?

• A) Repeater
• B) Network Switch
• C) Hub
• D) Modem

39. Which legacy networking device broadcasts all incoming electrical data signals out to every connected port indiscriminately, causing high network traffic and collisions?

• A) Network Hub
• B) Network Switch
• C) Router
• D) Gateway

40. What hardware device modulates digital computer binary data into analog audio signals for telephone line transmission, and demodulates received signals back to digital?

• A) Switch
• B) Modem
• C) Multiplexer
• D) Bridge

41. What short-range wireless communication standard operates on the 2.4 GHz ISM radio band to connect peripherals (keyboards, headsets) over distances up to 10 meters?

• A) Wi-Fi
• B) Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1)
• C) Infrared
• D) NFC

42. What standard networking protocol is used by web clients and web servers to transfer hypertext markup documents and media on the World Wide Web?

• A) FTP
• B) HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
• C) SMTP
• D) SNMP

43. In network security, what is a dedicated, isolated computer system configured to look like an attractive target to trap, detect, and study hacker intrusion attempts called?

• A) Proxy Server
• B) Honeypot
• C) Bastion Host
• D) DMZ Node

44. What type of malicious logic bomb lies dormant until a specific real-world calendar date, time, or trigger condition occurs, and then executes its destructive payload?

• A) Time Bomb
• B) Macro Virus
• C) Worm
• D) Spyware

45. A cyberattack where an unauthorized third party secretly intercepts, relays, and alters communication between two legitimate communicating parties is a:

• A) Denial of Service (DoS)
• B) Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attack
• C) Brute Force Attack
• D) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

46. An automated trial-and-error password cracking technique that systematically attempts every possible alphanumeric combination until finding the correct password is a:

• A) Phishing Attack
• B) Brute Force Attack
• C) Spoofing Attack
• D) Man-in-the-Middle Attack

47. An attack technique that tests a pre-compiled list of thousands of commonly used words and leaked passwords against a user account is called a:

• A) Dictionary Attack
• B) Trojan Attack
• C) DNS Poisoning
• D) Buffer Overflow

48. What is an ethical hacker who uses cybersecurity skills to identify vulnerabilities in computer systems with permission to help improve security called?

• A) Black Hat Hacker
• B) White Hat Hacker
• C) Grey Hat Hacker
• D) Script Kiddie

49. What does the computing acronym 'DBMS' stand for in relational and structured data storage?

• A) Digital Binary Memory System
• B) Database Management System
• C) Direct Bus Motherboard Slot
• D) Data Backup Modular Software

50. In relational database design (RDBMS), what attribute uniquely identifies each individual record or row within a database table?

• A) Foreign Key
• B) Primary Key
• C) Secondary Index
• D) Candidate Column